{"id":520,"date":"2022-04-24T19:38:11","date_gmt":"2022-04-24T16:38:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mryed.com\/?p=520"},"modified":"2022-04-24T19:57:28","modified_gmt":"2022-04-24T16:57:28","slug":"turkiyede-hali-sektoru-ve-ihracat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mryed.com\/en\/e-ticaret\/turkiyede-hali-sektoru-ve-ihracat\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye’de Hal\u0131 Sekt\u00f6r\u00fc ve \u0130hracat Verileri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 y\u0131ld\u0131r hal\u0131 sekt\u00f6r\u00fc ile ilgileniyorum. Bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde perakende, toptan ve ihracat konular\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131k\u00e7a ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131m. Zaman i\u00e7erisinde kendime notlar \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131m. Bu yaz\u0131 i\u00e7eri\u011finde D\u00fcnya’da ve T\u00fcrkiye’de hal\u0131 sekt\u00f6r\u00fc ve T\u00fcrkiye hal\u0131 ihracat\u0131 hakk\u0131nda baz\u0131 analizler sunaca\u011f\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnya’da Hal\u0131 Sekt\u00f6r\u00fc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnya makine hal\u0131s\u0131 ticareti yakla\u015f\u0131k 11,5 milyar dolar civar\u0131nda. 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda k\u00fcresel kriz ile bu rakam 9,5 milyar civar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f. Daha sonraki y\u0131l ise tekrar toparlanma g\u00f6stererek 11 milyar dolar d\u00fczeyine y\u00fckselmi\u015f. Bu y\u0131llarda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ithalat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ABD, Almanya, \u0130ngiltere, Kanada ve Japonya. En b\u00fcy\u00fck ihracat\u00e7\u0131lar ise Bel\u00e7ika, \u00c7in, T\u00fcrkiye, Hindistan , Hollanda. (Kaynak<\/a><\/em>) Bu veriler makine hal\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli. E\u011fer el hal\u0131s\u0131na girecek olursak Tibet, Nepal, Pakistan ve \u0130ran gibi \u00fclkeleri de ihracat\u00e7\u0131 olarak sayabilirdik ancak ben genel olarak makine hal\u0131s\u0131 alan\u0131ndan devam edece\u011fim. T\u00fcrkiye o y\u0131llarda hal\u0131 ihracat\u0131nda %9,8’lik pazar pay\u0131 ile \u00c7in’in ard\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada. Ancak o y\u0131llar Bel\u00e7ika gibi hal\u0131 \u00fcreten \u00fclkelere iplik sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 da \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek. Hatta hal\u0131 \u00fcreticisi firmalar o y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrk iplik firmalar\u0131ndan \u00fcr\u00fcn almak i\u00e7in s\u0131raya giriyorlarm\u0131\u015f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye’de Hal\u0131 Sekt\u00f6r\u00fc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye son y\u0131llarda hal\u0131 \u00fcretimi alan\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck ad\u0131mlar atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu hem T\u00fcrkiye’nin hem de ithalat\u00e7\u0131 \u00fclkelerin i\u015fine gelen bir durum. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hem i\u015f\u00e7ilik ucuz hem iplik burada hem Avrupa \u00fclkelerine yak\u0131n hem de navlun maliyeti d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck. Bu nedenle Bel\u00e7ika gibi \u00fclkeler bizle rekabet etmek yerine, bize makine satmay\u0131 tercih etmi\u015fler. Herkes alt\u0131n ar\u0131yor ise k\u00fcrek satan kazan\u0131r c\u00fcmlesine istinaden bu i\u015fin kayma\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Bel\u00e7ika al\u0131yor. Ancak T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in bu durum tabi ki iplik satmaktan daha iyi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hem istihdam sa\u011fl\u0131yorsunuz hem de b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcretim a\u011f\u0131na sahip oluyorsunuz. Burada geriye pazarlama k\u0131sm\u0131 kal\u0131yor ancak orada da baz\u0131 problemler var. Onu da a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da ihracat verileri ile de\u011finece\u011fim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye Hal\u0131 \u0130hracat\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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(x1.000 USD)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye’nin hal\u0131 ihracat\u0131 dolar baz\u0131nda grafikte sunulmu\u015ftur. Her ge\u00e7en y\u0131l ihracat\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebiliriz. Ben 2022 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n bu yukar\u0131 y\u00f6nl\u00fc grafi\u011fi bozaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde 2022 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk \u00e7eyrek rakamlar\u0131n\u0131 inceledim. 2021 y\u0131l\u0131na k\u0131yasla daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fc. Her ge\u00e7en y\u0131l artan navlun fiyatlar\u0131, baz\u0131 hammaddelerde tedarik problemi ve Rusya-Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n da k\u00fcresel ekonomiye etkilerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek 2021 y\u0131l\u0131 verilerine birka\u00e7 y\u0131l daha ula\u015f\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
aylik-hali-ihracati<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Yukar\u0131daki grafik ise son 6 y\u0131ld\u0131r ayl\u0131k hal\u0131 ihracat rakamlar\u0131. Grafikte 2020 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Nisan ve May\u0131s aylar\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Bu tarihler T\u00fcrkiye’nin Covid-19 ile tan\u0131\u015fma tarihleri. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 iki ay gibi k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede atlat\u0131l\u0131p tekrardan ihracat rakamlar\u0131 y\u00fckselmi\u015f. 2021 y\u0131l\u0131 ise hal\u0131 ihracat\u0131nda tavan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir y\u0131l olmu\u015f. Hemen hemen her ay bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131llara k\u0131yasla y\u00fcksek sat\u0131\u015flar ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
hali-ihracat-verileri<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Yukar\u0131daki veri ise T\u00fcrkiye’nin hangi \u00fclkelere ne kadar hal\u0131 ihracat\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. S\u0131ralama 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda en \u00e7ok ihracat yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fclkelere g\u00f6re yap\u0131ld\u0131. En sa\u011f s\u00fctun ise 2021 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n 2020 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re y\u00fczdelik de\u011fi\u015fimi. Almanya’ya ihracat rakamlar\u0131 bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re y\u00fckselmi\u015f ancak bu y\u00fckseli\u015f Almanya’y\u0131 ilk \u00fc\u00e7te tutmaya yetmemi\u015f. Burada Amerika’n\u0131n \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck fark\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6rebiliyoruz. Listede Amerika’dan sonra gelen 12 \u00fclkeye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ihracat rakamlar\u0131n\u0131 toplarsak ancak Amerika’ya yap\u0131lan ihracat rakamlar\u0131na ula\u015fabiliyoruz. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Listede olmay\u0131p da dikkatimi \u00e7eken bir \u00fclke ise Suudi Arabistan. Daha \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda \u00fcst s\u0131ralar\u0131 zorlay\u0131p 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda %99,8 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD’den sonra 264.009,98’lik ihracat rakam\u0131 ile 2. s\u0131rada olan Suudi Arabistan, 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise 103. s\u0131rada. Biraz daha geriye gidip 2015 y\u0131l\u0131na bakarsak; ihracat yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fclkeler s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda Suudi Arabistan’\u0131 birinci ABD’yi ikinci s\u0131rada g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Yani 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda Suudi Arabistan’a hal\u0131 ihracat\u0131n\u0131 neredeyse s\u0131f\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f\u0131z. \u00dcstelik 2021 y\u0131l\u0131 hal\u0131 ihracat\u0131nda y\u00fcksek rakamlara ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir y\u0131ld\u0131. Bu rakamlara ayn\u0131 oranda Suudi Arabistan’da eklense hal\u0131 ihracat\u0131nda unutulmaz bir y\u0131l\u0131 geride b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f olurduk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrk Hal\u0131 Sekt\u00f6r\u00fc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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hali-uretimi<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrk hal\u0131 sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn merkezi Gaziantep. Listeye bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda Gaziantep’in hal\u0131 ihracat\u0131n\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcsledi\u011fini g\u00f6rebiliriz. Akl\u0131n\u0131za gelen herhangi bir hal\u0131 markas\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. Merkezi ve \u00fcretim yeri muhakkak Gaziantep’de \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
hali-satis-rakamlari<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Yaz\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan itibaren T\u00fcrk hal\u0131 sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnden ve ihracat rakamlar\u0131ndan bahsettim. Buraya kadar gelen k\u0131s\u0131m genel olarak olumlu. Ancak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda sadece \u00fcretmek yetmiyor. Yukar\u0131daki g\u00f6rselde ihracat\u0131 yap\u0131lan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin metre karesini ve fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebilirsiniz. Birim ba\u015f\u0131na metre kare fiyat\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ise ortalama 5,2 dolar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 y\u0131ld\u0131r amazon, otto, wayfair, etsy, walmart ve ebay gibi me\u015fhur e-ticaret sitelerinden hal\u0131lar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorum. Hatta \u00fccretli 3.parti yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar ile bir sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc nereden tedarik etti\u011fini dahi inceliyorum. Tedarik zincirine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin genel olarak \u00fcretim yeri Gaziantep. Yani bu e-ticaret sitelerinden t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya sat\u0131\u015flar yapan b\u00fcy\u00fck firmalar hemen hemen bir\u00e7ok \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc bizden al\u0131yor. \u00dcstelik ortalama metre karesini 5,2 dolara. T\u00fcrkiye’de hal\u0131 sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 yapan bir firma olsan\u0131z bu fiyattan b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimal siz alamazs\u0131n\u0131z. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00fcretici firmalar ihracat\u0131n sundu\u011fu baz\u0131 avantajlar yararlan\u0131yor. \u0130\u00e7 pazara satt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda KDV iadesi gibi avantajlardan yararlanamayaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya i\u00e7eriden daha uygun fiyata sat\u0131yor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hal\u0131da Pazarlama ve Markala\u015fma<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye’de hal\u0131 sekt\u00f6r\u00fc olarak ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu\u011fumuz k\u0131s\u0131m ise; pazarlama ve markala\u015fma. Bizden metre karesi 5,2 dolara al\u0131nan \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00e7ok \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek rakamlara ba\u015fkalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyaya pazarlan\u0131yor. \u00dcstelik insanlar marka olarak bizi de\u011fil yine o firmalar\u0131 tan\u0131yor. Pazarlama ve markala\u015fma elbette basit de\u011fil ve bunu deneyip ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olan T\u00fcrk firmalar\u0131 da var. Ancak bir i\u015fte ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olunmas\u0131 her zaman i\u015fin yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermez. Belki de i\u015f do\u011fruydu ancak y\u00f6ntem yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu i\u015flem bol ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve tecr\u00fcbeli bir ekip ister. SWOT analizleri yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. T\u00fcm maliyetlerin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda depolama kur fark\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden b\u00fcy\u00fck maliyet. Bir\u00e7ok e-ticaret uzman\u0131 bunu Amazon’un depolar\u0131 (FBA) ile \u00e7\u00f6zece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Ancak bu imkans\u0131z. Birincisi FBA t\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcnleri kabul etmez. \u0130kincisi hal\u0131larda hem hacim b\u00fcy\u00fck hem de varyasyon \u00e7ok. Yani kendi deponuz olmadan i\u015finiz \u00e7ok zor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

E\u011fer sadece birka\u00e7 \u00fcr\u00fcn ile deneyeyim derseniz zaten ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olman\u0131z ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc e-ticaret sitelerinde \u00fcst s\u0131ralara \u00e7\u0131kman\u0131z i\u00e7in sisteme y\u00fckledi\u011finiz \u00fcr\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131 da \u00f6nemli. Ayr\u0131ca insanlar hen\u00fcz sizin \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinizi tan\u0131m\u0131yor. Lansman yap\u0131p \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinize trafik \u00e7ekmelisiniz, sat\u0131\u015f ve yorum almas\u0131n\u0131z. Bunu da ilk ba\u015flarda \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinizi \u00e7ok uygun fiyatlara satarak ve reklam yaparak sa\u011flayabiliyorsunuz. Yani birka\u00e7 \u00fcr\u00fcn ile k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck girip denemek ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olman\u0131za sebep olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Varsayal\u0131m i\u015fler istedi\u011finiz gibi gitti ve g\u00fczel sat\u0131\u015flar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdiniz. Hatta baz\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnleriniz Amazon’da best seller oldu. Yine sizi bekleyen baz\u0131 problemler var. Bekledi\u011finizden fazla sipari\u015f ald\u0131n\u0131z ve \u00fcr\u00fcnleri tedarik edememeye ba\u015flad\u0131n\u0131z. Art\u0131k emek verip best seller yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z \u00fcr\u00fcne el sallayabilirsiniz. Yani sadece e-ticaret k\u0131sm\u0131 de\u011fil arka plandaki tedarik zincirinin de sorunsuz i\u015flemesi gerekir. Ayr\u0131ca \u00c7inli bir sat\u0131c\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn kopyas\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131p sizden daha uygun fiyata bu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc satabilir. Bu durumda yine siz best seller \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc kaybedebilirsiniz. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

RESULT<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pazarlama ve markala\u015fma ile ilgili genel olarak olumsuzluklardan bahsettim. Maliyetlerin y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu, rekabetin fazla oldu\u011fu a\u015fikar. Ancak bunlar \u00fcretim yapan b\u00fcy\u00fck firmalar i\u00e7in a\u015f\u0131lamayacak problemler de\u011fil. Bu problemleri a\u015fan ve bu alanda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olan T\u00fcrk firmalar\u0131n\u0131n da oldu\u011funu biliyorum. Bildi\u011fim kadar\u0131 ile Amazon’da vendor sat\u0131c\u0131 teklifi alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Vendor sat\u0131c\u0131 Amazon’a tedarik sa\u011flayan sat\u0131c\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Amazon tedarik zincirini sa\u011flam g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc firmalara bu teklifi sunabilmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hal\u0131 sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, \u00fcretim a\u015famalar\u0131 ve pazarlama konusunda akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda mevcuttur. Google akademik<\/a><\/em> sayfas\u0131ndan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara ula\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye’de hal\u0131 sekt\u00f6r\u00fc ve ihracat verileri hakk\u0131nda bilgiler sundum. \u0130lerleyen y\u0131llarda yaz\u0131l\u0131m<\/a><\/em> alan\u0131na daha \u00e7ok y\u00f6nelecek olsam da hal\u0131 sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc takip etmeye devam edece\u011fim. Bir sonraki yaz\u0131da g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek \u00fczere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaz\u0131 i\u00e7eri\u011finde kullan\u0131lan veriler T\u00fcrkiye \u0130hracat\u00e7\u0131lar Meclisi<\/a><\/em> sitesinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 y\u0131ld\u0131r hal\u0131 sekt\u00f6r\u00fc ile ilgileniyorum. Bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde perakende, toptan ve ihracat konular\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131k\u00e7a ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131m. Zaman i\u00e7erisinde kendime notlar \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131m. Bu yaz\u0131 i\u00e7eri\u011finde D\u00fcnya’da ve T\u00fcrkiye’de hal\u0131 sekt\u00f6r\u00fc ve T\u00fcrkiye hal\u0131 ihracat\u0131 hakk\u0131nda baz\u0131 analizler sunaca\u011f\u0131m.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":530,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[62,63],"class_list":["post-520","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-e-ticaret","tag-hali-ihracati-yapilan-ulkeler","tag-hali-sektoru-2022"],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00fcrkiye'de Hal\u0131 Sekt\u00f6r\u00fc ve \u0130hracat Verileri - Yunus Emre<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"D\u00fcnya'da ve T\u00fcrkiye'de hal\u0131 sekt\u00f6r\u00fc ve ihracat hakk\u0131nda 2022 y\u0131l\u0131 analizi. 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